Main body of the electric arc furnace

1. Furnace Body Structure

Furnace Body Part: Mainly composed of the rotary mechanism (upper ring track, lower ring track, roller guide frame, central frame, drive device, etc.), furnace shell (furnace wall, heat dissipation fins, furnace mouth, furnace bottom plate, furnace edge, anti-collision ring, temperature measurement device), and furnace lining (refractory bricks, carbon bricks, etc.).

2. Electrode System

Holding System: Mainly consists of upper and lower holders. The upper holder adjusts the electrode position inside the furnace chamber through a brake and a large cylinder to control the reaction inside the furnace. The lower holder mainly consists of copper pipes, copper tiles, protective sleeves, pressure rings, and bottom rings inside the furnace. The copper pipes and copper tiles supply power to the electrode for smelting work. The pressure ring acts as a tightening device for the copper tiles, ensuring close contact between the copper tiles and the electrode. The protective sleeve and bottom ring protect the conductive system inside the furnace and are water-cooled to ensure service life.

3. Conductive System

Conductive System: The electric furnace delivers electricity to the electrode through the transformer, compensator, short mesh, and water-cooled cable to perform work. Therefore, the optimized design of the electric furnace conductive system ensures the furnace's performance. 4. Hood System

Hood System: The hood is a technology used by most electric furnaces, which helps recover microsilica powder and heat. It benefits the construction of dust removal and purification facilities and preheating boilers, and also helps protect equipment from heat radiation damage. 5. Exhaust System: Function: Collects dust and smoke generated during electric furnace smelting through the hood and transports it via flue ducts to the dust removal system or external discharge.

4. Cooling System

Water Cooling System: A device used to water-cool components of the metallurgical furnace such as the transformer, hood, electrode system, feeding system, short mesh system, flue duct, and hydraulic system.

5. Feeding System Silo: Mainly used to evenly add prepared materials into the electric furnace crucible area through the rooftop silo, feeder, feed pipe, and feeding nozzle.

6. Air Seal System Air Seal System: Mainly uses an air seal fan to create a slight positive pressure seal at sealing points such as feed pipes, furnace doors, and protective sleeves. This greatly improves the working environment and extends equipment life.

7. Hydraulic System Hydraulic System: The electric furnace is equipped with a hydraulic station that provides power for electrode lifting, pressing, holding, and furnace door lifting. This system consists of an oil pump station, valve station, accumulator, control cabinet, and connecting pipes.

Compared with mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission has the following advantages:

(1) For the same power, hydraulic transmission devices are lighter, more compact, and have lower inertia.

(2) Smooth movement, facilitating frequent and stable direction changes, easily absorbing impact forces to prevent overload, and ensuring safety.

(3) Capable of achieving a wide range of stepless speed regulation.

(4) Enables remote automatic and remote control operation.

8. Silicon Tapping System

Silicon Tapping System: Mainly used to pour the smelted silicon melt through a pierced opening into the ladle. 9. Furnace Tapping Exhaust System Furnace Tapping Exhaust: Function: Used to collect and transport exhaust gases at the furnace tapping outlet during tapping.

Composition: Consists of a smoke collection hood, flue gas pipeline, electric flap valve, and flue suspension components.

10. Control System

Automation Control System: Used to monitor and control parameters such as furnace temperature, electrode position, and feeding speed, usually implemented by PLC or DCS systems.

Instrumentation System: Includes sensors for temperature, pressure, flow, etc., used for real-time monitoring of furnace conditions.

10. Safety System

Emergency Shutdown Device: Can quickly cut off power and stop reactions inside the furnace in case of faults.

Alarm System: Used to monitor and alert abnormal conditions such as excessive temperature or insufficient cooling water.